Hypnaceae

Diagnosis: Plants mostly small, sometimes medium-sized, in soft, often extensive, dense mats. Stems creeping, prostrate, freely and irregularly to regularly pinnately branched, the branches mostly simple, short, blunt, densely foliate. Stem and branch leaves similar, erect- to wide-spreading, mostly ovate, abruptly short to long-acuminate; margins serrulate; costa short and double; cells linear, prorulose at upper and sometimes lower ends at back, rarely smooth, becoming short and broader toward the insertion; alar cells few in extreme angles, quadrate to short-rectangular. Setae elongate, smooth, reddish; capsules horizontal to pendent, ± arcuate, somewhat asymmetric, mostly ovoid to short-cylindric, often constricted below the mouth when dry; annulus differentiated; operculum conic, mostly apiculate; peristome double. Calyptra cucullate, mostly sparsely to densely hairy, rarely naked, smooth. Spores finely papillose.